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Choudhary, B. S.
- Effect of In-Situ Block Size and Rock Properties on Blast Induced Rock Fragmentation in Surface Mines
Abstract Views :185 |
PDF Views:137
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad-826004, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad-826004, IN
Source
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Vol 10, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 25-32Abstract
In-situ block size and rock properties plays very important role on blast induced fragmentation. With proper knowledge of rock and geological discontinuities a blasting engineer can plan a best blast row to achieve optimum fragmentation size of rock. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of in-situ block size and rock properties on fragmentation, by image analysis concept, blast design parameters, & laboratory testing. It was observed that rock fragmentation depends on the in-situ block sizes, rock properties therefore, understanding of the in-situ block size and rock properties are very important for getting the desired blasted rock fragmentation.Keywords
In-Situ Block, Rock Properties, Mean Fragment Size, Surface Mines, Overburden Bench.Full Text
- Sustainable Exploitation of Building Stone in India–Emerging Issues
Abstract Views :315 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 838-844Abstract
Stone aggregates are one of the most important construction materials obtained through conventional mining and crushing of building stones. The construction mining sector is highly unorganized, despite alarm calls raised by individuals and corporates regarding high accident rates and rapidly declining stone deposits. We may soon run out of quality stone deposits to support our aspiring infrastructure development plans. This article aims to create awareness on the importance of stone quarrying in supporting our infrastructure development plans, challenges faced by this sector, and eliciting appropriate and concrete action plans for the future.Keywords
Construction Aggregates, Health, Safety, Stone Quarry, Sustainability.Full Text
References
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- Ananthamurthy, B. S. and Sharma, A., Mining for sustainable growth of Indian construction industry. In Proceedings of the Golden Jubilee Seminar on Mining Technology for Sustainable Development, MineTech’11, Raipur, 2011, pp. 29–139.
- Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India (GoI). National Electricity Plan 2016, December 2016.
- Planning Commission, GoI, Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017), Faster. More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth, Vol. I, II, Sage Publication India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2013.
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- Pangariya, A., Budget 2016–17 and the Indian economy. Presentation by Niti Aayog to the GoI, New Delhi, 2016.
- Ministry of Finance, GoI, Union Budget for 2017–18, New Delhi, 2017.
- Haryana Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2012.
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- Maharashtra Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2015.
- Karnataka Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2016.
- Tamil Nadu Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1959.
- Andhra Pradesh Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1966.
- Madhya Pradesh Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1996.
- Sishodiya, P. K., Nandi, S. S. and Dhatrak, S. V., Report on detection of silicosis among stone mine workers from Karauli district – Report I. National Institute of Miners’ Health, Nagpur, 2011.
- Ahmad, A., A study of sandstone miners: notes from the field. Int. J. Med. Sci. Public Health, 2015, 4, 433–434.
- Sishodiya, P. K., Nandi, S. S. and Dhatrak, S. V., Report on Detection of silicosis among stone mine workers from Karauli district – report II. National Institute of Miners’ Health, Nagpur, 2014.
- Supreme Court of India, Record of Proceedings, Writ Petition(s) (Civil) No(s). 110/2006, People’s Rights & Social Res. Centre and Others versus Union of India and others.
- Mines Rules, 1955; Mines Act 1952, Directorate General of Safety, Government of India.
- Naik, P., Ushamalini and Somashekar, R. K., Noise pollution in stone quarrying industry – a case study in Bangalore district, Karnataka, India. J. Ind. Pollut. Control, 2007, 23(1), 43–48.
- Madhavan, P. and Raj, S., Budhpura ‘ground zero’ sandstone quarrying in India, A report on study commissioned by India Committee of the Netherlands, 2005.
- Gayatri, G., No mining from tomorrow. The Tribune (online edition), 27 February 2010.
- Economic Survey of Haryana, 2015-16, Department of Economics and Statistical Analysis, Government of Haryana, pp. 58–67.
- Glocal Research and India Committee of the Netherlands, Rock Bottom – Modern Slavery and Child Labour in South Indian Granite Quarries. India Committee of the Netherlands, May 2015.
- Marshall, S., Taylor, K. and Balaton-Chrimes, S., Rajasthan stone quarries-promoting human rights due diligence and access to redress in complex supply chains. Corporate Accountability Research, Non-Judicial Redress Mechanisms Report Series 11, 2016.
- Elgstrand, E. K. and Vingard, E., Occupational safety and health in mining, Anthology on the Situation in 16 Mining Countries, Univeristy of Gothenberg, Sweden, 2013.
- Health and Safety Authority, Safe Quarry, Guidelines to the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Quarries) Regulations, Ireland, 2008.
- Impact of Blast Design Parameters on Rock Fragmentation in Building Stone Quarries
Abstract Views :278 |
PDF Views:94
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826 004, IN
2 Bakhrija Plot 4, Masonary Stone Mine, Gradient Business Consulting Private Limited, Narnaul 123 023, IN
1 Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826 004, IN
2 Bakhrija Plot 4, Masonary Stone Mine, Gradient Business Consulting Private Limited, Narnaul 123 023, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 11 (2019), Pagination: 1861-1867Abstract
Crushed stone aggregates are indispensable construction material which is produced by crushing of raw stone boulders raised from stone quarries through the process of drilling and blasting. Proper size of boulders fed to the crusher is important to eliminate congestion in the crushing circuit and obtaining the desired productivity. Drill-blast design parameters have a considerable effect on the degree of post-blast fragmentation. Bench height, spacing, burden, stemming, bench stiffness ratio and powder factor are controllable blast design parameters which considerably influence the fragmentation. By controlling these design parameters, optimum fragmentation can be achieved. Extensive field trials followed by scientific analysis have been done in this study which reveals the relation between drill-blast design parameters and post-blast fragmentation. Burden, spacing, stemming, bench stiffness ratio and powder factor were varied over a range of 30–45% which in turn caused distinctions in the mean fragment size in the range of 50–200% approximately. For optimum mean fragment size, the burden was found to be 21 times the blast hole diameter. Spacing dimension of 1.3 times the burden produced the optimum mean fragment size. Stemming length of 0.91 times of burden generated the optimum fragmentation. Mean fragment size was most optimum at powder factor of 1.02 kg/cum.Keywords
Burden, Drill-Blast Design Parameters, Fragmentation, Spacing, Stemming, Stone Quarries.Full Text
References
- Kumar, D., Vivekananda International Foundation, Development of Infrastructure in India – The Vehicle for Developing Indian Economy, 2017.
- Ananthamurthy, B. S. and Sharma, A., Mining for sustainable growth of Indian construction industry. In Proceedings of Golden Jubilee Seminar on Mining Technology for Sustainable Development – MineTech’11, 2011, pp. 29–139.
- Venkataramaman, R., Nagendran, V. and Sharma, A., Crushing of aggregates with fixed shaft cone crusher: a green initiative by L&T. In Proceedings of Geominetech Symposium, 2013, pp. 59– 63.
- Planning Commission, Government of India, India’s 12th Five Year Plan 2012–17, Parts I & II, 2013.
- Ministry of Finance, India’s Union Budget for Financial Year 2017–18, 2017.
- Bureau of Indian Standards, Specifications for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete, Indian Standards (IS), 383–1970, 1971.
- Indian Road Congress on behalf of Government of India, Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways (MORTH) Specification for Road and Bridge Works, 1971, 5th revision.
- Massabki, R. F., Reducing costs in quarring with optimized drilling and blasting design. In Proceedings of the 24th World Mining Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2016, pp. 208–212.
- Rustan, A., Rock Blasting Terms and Symbols, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield, 1998.
- Sarathy, M. O., ‘Powder factor’-based tenders – progressive or regressive? Mining Engineers J., 2017, 19(8), 15–24.
- Prasad, S., Choudhary, B. S. and Mishra, A. K., Effect of blast design parameters on blast-induced rock fragmentation size – a case study. In International Conference on Deep Excavation, Energy Resources and Production, IIT Kharagpur, 2017, pp. 1–7.
- Singh, P. K., Roy, M. P., Paswan, R. K., Sarim, Md., Kumar, S. and Jha, R. R., Rock fragmentation control in opencast blasting. J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 2016, 8, 225–237.
- Jethro, M. A., Sheshu, S. A. and Kayode, T. S., Effect of fragmentation in loading at Obajana Cement Company, Nigeria. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 2016, 7(4), 608–620.
- Choudhary, B. S., Firing patterns and its effect in Muckpile shape parameters and fragmentation in quarry blasts. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 2013, 2(9), 32–45.
- Brunton, I., Thornton, D., Hodson, R. and Sprott, D., Impact of blast fragmentation on hydraulic excavator dig time. In Proceedings of Fifth Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Kalgoorlie, WA, 2003, pp. 39–48.
- Maerz, N. H., Franklin, J. A., Rothenburg, L. and Coursen, D. L., Measurement of rock fragmentation by digital photo analysis. In Fifth International Congress, International Society for Rock Mechanics, 1987, pp. 687–692.
- Sanchindria, J. A., Segarra, P. and Lopez, L. M., A practical procedure for the measurement of fragmentation by blasting by image analysis. Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 2005, 39(4), 359–382.
- Critical Analysis of Process Cycle by Numerical Modelling for Faster Development of Drives in Hard-Rock Underground Mine–A Case Study
Abstract Views :302 |
PDF Views:92
Authors
Affiliations
1 Tummalapalle Mine, Uranium Corporation of India Ltd,Jharkhand 832 102, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826 004, IN
3 Department of Mining Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad 500 014, IN
1 Tummalapalle Mine, Uranium Corporation of India Ltd,Jharkhand 832 102, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826 004, IN
3 Department of Mining Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad 500 014, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 10 (2020), Pagination: 1547-1556Abstract
To extract deep-seated metallic minerals, an underground mine needs to be developed at a faster rate to access the ore body safely. There are various techniques to break the rock butstill drilling and blasting is considered the cheapest. Therefore, an effort was made to reengineer the mine development cycle time in order to achieve high advance rate. This study highlights the requirement of numerical simulation in rock excavation for its stability and design through the reengineered drill and blast operations. Implementation of the findings of numerical modelling and deployment of advanced drilling equipment helped reduce the total drilling time and overall cycle time by 30.70% and 15.90% respectively, in the two cases of drilling length considered, i.e. 3.4 and 4.0 m. Subsequently, in a further modified process, where the supporting activities were avoided till the third advance, there was significant improvement in the process cycle time by 43.10% for 3.4 m drilling and 39.30% for 4.0 m drilling length. We found that 15 m advance per day can be achieved by the deployment of double boom jumbo for drilling length of 3.4 m and drive size of 4.5 m ×3.0 m.Keywords
Drill And Blast, Linear Excavations, Mine Development, Numerical Modelling, Process Cycle Time.Full Text
References
- Stewart, P., Ramezanzadeh, A. and Knights, P., Benchmark drill and blast and mechanical excavation advance rates for underground hard rock mine development. In Australian Mining Technology Conference, 2006, pp. 45–58.
- Barber J., Mennie, B., Poedjono, R. and Coad, G., Common infra-structure project – Development for the Future of PT Freeport Indonesia. In Proceedings of the Ninth Underground Operators’ Conference, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, 2005, pp. 313–322.
- Kalamaras, G., Carlo, A., Dinu, C., Cirvegna, G., Paolo, P. and Santucci, C., Up-to-date excavation, support, and lining solutions meet timing requirements for the first two tunnels of the 2006 winter Olympic games, Seattle, WA, United States, 2005, pp. 201–212.
- Neumann, M., CAMIRO Safe and Rapid Development Project – Benchmarking of 12 Canadian Mine, Neumann Engineering and Mining Services, 2001.
- http://www.downeredi.com, 2006.
- Bruland, A., Hard-rock tunnel boring, advance rate and cutter wear. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 1998.
- Review of Exploration Data with Respect to Outliers: Experience XXX Deposit of NMDC Ltd
Abstract Views :146 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT/ISM-Dhanbad, IN
2 NMDC Ltd, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT/ISM-Dhanbad, IN
2 NMDC Ltd, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 65, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 55-60Abstract
A resource estimate (calculation of total tonnes and grade within a deposit) is generally underpinned by a clear understanding of the geometry, orientation and control of mineralization and set of assays with assigned 3D spatial locations. The proper interpretation and handling of outliers in a data set is crucial to estimating a mineral resource that is representative of the deposit. Without a firm understanding of the distribution of metal in a deposit, mine planning, scheduling, process planning and economic analysis will likely be flawed. Three of the most important issues in the mineral resource estimation process are the recognition of outlier values in a data set, the source of the outlier values, and the subsequent handling of these high values. Treatment of outliers in mineral resource estimations is a perplexing problem for which there is no generally accepted solution. Each deposit may have a unique distribution of outlier values which may require multiple methods of treatment to fully understand the issues and their effect on the mineral resource estimate.Keywords
Exploration, Resource Estimation, Ore, Outliers, Block Model.
- Effect of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rock on Penetration Rate and Bit Wear Rate of Drill
Abstract Views :139 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U), Department of Mining Engineering, Varanasi, IN
2 Indian Institute of Technology (I.S.M), Department of Mining Engineering, Dhanbad, IN
1 Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U), Department of Mining Engineering, Varanasi, IN
2 Indian Institute of Technology (I.S.M), Department of Mining Engineering, Dhanbad, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 65, No 8 (2017), Pagination: 454-460Abstract
Drillability plays a crucial role in increasing the capability of blasthole drills in drilling and thereby contributing valuable input for the mining industry. The productivity of the mines and the life of the machines are directly dependent on the wear rate of the drill bit. In this light, an investigation was conducted to illustrate the relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the rock, the penetration rate of the drilling machine and the bit wear-out rate at overburden benches of a surface coal mine. The wear-out rate of drilling bit estimated from digital imaging of the diametrical distribution of button bits obtained from imaging software, that was taken ‘Before’ and ‘After’ drilling. The UCS of rock mass was measured using Schmidt Hammer while wear-out rate of the drill bit was measured through computer software. The results obtained from the experimental observations and graphical plot shows that as the UCS (in N/mm2 ) increasing from 27.5 to 42.46 the penetration rate (in mm/s) decreases from the 30 to 14 and wear-out rate (in mm2 /meter of the hole drilled) are increasing from 0.339 to 1.05.Keywords
Rotary-percussive Drilling, Uniaxial Compressive Strength, Wear-out Rate, Penetration Rate, Drill Bits.- Long-Term Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling with Variable Cut off Grade for Cost Optimization
Abstract Views :133 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, BIT Sindri, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, BIT Sindri, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 68, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 153-157Abstract
Selection of cut off grade in long-term open pit mine planning is a tough research challenge now-a-days. The subsequent operational planning for the selected cut off grade decides the economic factor in mine production scheduling. The distribution of grade, sequence of mining operation, economic parameters, the capacities of mining operations are influencing points for deciding the model. In any given period of time the dynamic cut off grade is a function of the availability of ore and the capacity of stockpile as well as the process plant. The extraction sequence and cut off grade strategy should be considered simultaneously in order to achieve the optimum result. By keeping these points in first row, various attempts have been made to develop an electronic technique for the extraction sequence of open pit mines. Because of the numerous variables involved for getting the optimum result, different approaches have been made is not sufficient to widespread acceptance. A new model has therefore been proposed to overcome this shortcoming. The optimum sequences of extraction in each period are recognized by optimum processing decisions. To examine the applicability of the model developed, a case study is offered to validate.Keywords
NPV, Production Scheduling, Economic Loss, Mining Sequence, Cut Off Grade.References
- Akaike, A., and Dagdelen, K. (1999): A strategic production scheduling method for an open pit mine. Proceedings of the 28th Application of Computers and Operation Research in the Mineral Industry, 729-738.
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- Stability of Pillar and Drive Advances in Hard Rock Mine Through Numerical Modelling and Instrumentation
Abstract Views :186 |
PDF Views:92
Authors
Affiliations
1 Tummalapalle Mine, Uranium Corporation of India Ltd, Jharkhand 832 102, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad 826 004, IN
3 National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Kolar Gold Fields 563 122, IN
1 Tummalapalle Mine, Uranium Corporation of India Ltd, Jharkhand 832 102, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad 826 004, IN
3 National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Kolar Gold Fields 563 122, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 1758-1767Abstract
Rock support systems are used to maintain the stability of underground openings and reinforce disturbed rock masses after creating an excavation. This study, in turn, will help in the selection of an appropriate number of blasts in a drive, from where the support system is required to stop mitigation of the stressdeformation conditions around it. Here, two models have been built and simulated using the RS2D programme, i.e. first to optimize the pillar and gallery size for maximum safety and extraction ratio and second is evaluation by numerical modelling and validation with rock mechanics instruments to study on mining-induced stresses, factor of safety, and displacement around the drive with no rock support system for every blast advance. The interpretation of instrumentation data collected shows that drive stability suffers significantly, with no rock support after third blast in the second model and necessity of proper rock support system is confirmed and validated.Keywords
Factor of Safety, Instrumentation, Mine Development, Mining-Induced Stresses, Numerical Modelling.Full Text
References
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- Guntumadugu, D. R., Methodology for the Design of Dynamic Rock Supports in Burst Prone Ground, University of McGill, Montreal, 2013, p. 249.
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- Rao, K. K., Choudhary, B. S. and Ghade, A., Critical analysis of process cycle by numerical modelling for faster development of drives in hard rock underground mines – a case study. Curr. Sci., 2020, 118, 1547–1556.
- Kimmelmann, M. R., von Hyde, B. and Madgwick, R. J., The use of computer applications at BCL Limited in planning pillar extraction and design of mining layouts. In Proceedings of the ISRM Symposium Design and Performance of Underground Excavations (eds Brown, E. T. and Hudson, J. A.), British Geomechanics Society, London, 1984, pp. 53–63.
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- Lunder, P. J. and Pakalnis, R. C., Determination of the smngth of hard-rock mine pillars. Bull. Can. Bst. Min. Metall., 1997, 90(1013), 51–55.
- Techno-economic Analysis for Development of a Drive in View of Geo-mining Conditions – a Case Study
Abstract Views :77 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Tummalapalle Mine, UCIL,, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad., IN
1 Tummalapalle Mine, UCIL,, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad., IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 66, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 339-346Abstract
This paper presents all the rock mechanics studies carried out at an underground metal mine in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. The rock mechanics investigations in this mine include optimization of pillar dimensions by numerical modelling, the feasibility of hangwall lode mining at shallow depth, support design for deeper levels, instrumentation to monitor the strata for an experimental hangwall stope. The main aim is to improve extraction ratio and the mine safety levels from these rock mechanics studies to develop a mine. The effect on the linear advance in both footwall lode and hangwall lode is studied, monitored and found that there is almost 25% increase in total cost per round of blast due to difficult geo-mining conditions and affecting total cost per tonne of ore extracted from hangwall in contrast to footwall lode development and safety aspects. A critical case study with techno-economic cost analysis in view of their geo-mining conditions has been discussed.Keywords
Metal mine; rock mechanics; development; supports; linear progress; blasting.References
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- Bieniawski, Z. T. (1989): Engineering rock mass classifications. New York: Wiley.
- Nagaraj, C., Renaldy, T Amrith and Venkateswarlu, V. (2014): A report on Study on mineability of Hang wall lode between 2 levels at Tummalapalle Mine, UCIL. GC – 15- 05-c, p. 20.